motherhood was basic for the definition to those who heard this text in ancient Israel. They observed that great pain and danger was part of motherhood. How could this be understood? Furthermore, the relationship between women and men clearly was distorted. What God intended to be a relationship of mutuality and companionship was characterized instead by domination. [Male and Female in Genesis 1–3.] The woman’s urge toward the man remains, but domination by the man, not companionship, results. God